Ahmed Ammar, M.B.Ch.B., D.M.Sc., FACS, FICS, is Professor and Consultant Neurosurgeon at Dammam University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia and Visiting Professor in the Departments of Neurosurgery at the University of Virginia, USA and the University of Shinshu, Matsumoto, Japan. He is a vastly experienced neurosurgeon who has performed more than 5000 procedures, primarily in spinal surgery, pediatric neurosurgery, and functional neurosurgery. Dr. Ammar has served as a member of the Ethics Committee of the World Association of Neurological Surgeons and as Chair of the Ethics Committee of the World Association of Disaster and Emergency Medicine. He has also been a member of the Education Committee of the International Pediatric Neurosurgical Society and a board member of the Saudi Association for Neurological Surgeons and the Gulf Neurosurgical Societies. Dr. Ammar has published more than 50 papers in peer-reviewed journals as well as several books, and is a member of the International Advisory Board of the Asian Journal of Neurosurgery.Mark Aaron Bernstein, BSc, MD, FRCSC (Neurosurgery), MHSc (Bioethics), currently works as a scientist at the Toronto Western Hospital/University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. He has been a staff member at Toronto Western Hospital and also Hillcrest Hospital, Toronto, for more than 25 years, and in 1996 was appointed Professor in the Department of Surgery at the University of Toronto. Dr. Bernstein has had a distinguished career that has included service on numerous committees of medical and scientific bodies and extensive research activity, including on ethical and social issues relating to neurosurgery. He has been Associate Director of the Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre since 1999. In 2006 Dr. Bernstein was invited to deliver the Theodore Kurze lecture to the American Association of Neurological Surgeons and in 2011 he was appointed as the inaugural Greg Wilkins-Barrick Chair in International Surgery at the University Health Network, Toronto. Dr. Bernstein serves on the editorial boards of Brain Tumor Pathology, Journal of Neuro-Oncology, Neurosurgery Quarterly, and National Review of Medicine. He is the author of more than 275 articles in peer-reviewed journals.